PPP FRAME THE FIELD HAS A VALUE OF 11111111 SOFTWARE
CSRS-PPP achieves more than 33 % improvement in the horizontal accuracy than that obtained from the default solution of Bernese software it achieves in height, more than 67 %. The results provide insights for the PPP kinematic solution using Bernese GNSS software and CSRS-PPP online service. It delivers a mean SD of 6 cm in East, North, and height.
![ppp frame the field has a value of 11111111 ppp frame the field has a value of 11111111](https://forum.huawei.com/enterprise/en/data/attachment/forum/202103/02/205712pkw0w1z0400111c5.png)
Further analysis results from CSRS-PPP online service are introduced in this research. The adapted solution of Bernese software delivers a better solution with a mean SD of 7 cm in the horizontal components and 12 cm in the height plan. Bernese GNSS software provides two solutions the default solution shows for the three trajectories a mean SD of 9 cm in the horizontal components and 18 cm in the height plan. The kinematic PPP solutions are compared to the double-difference solution of Bernese GNSS software. The processed data have an interval of 5 seconds. In this research study, three kinematic trajectories, which were observed on the Rhine River, Duisburg, Germany have been processed. IGS satellite clocks with an interval of 30 seconds have been considered for the estimation. Two processing tools have been used in this study: Bernese GNSS software and the CSRS-PPP online service. This paper analyses the impact of the interval of satellite clocks on the kinematic PPP solution.
![ppp frame the field has a value of 11111111 ppp frame the field has a value of 11111111](https://www.mdpi.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-11-02477/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-11-02477-g004.png)
![ppp frame the field has a value of 11111111 ppp frame the field has a value of 11111111](https://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/~ptw/teaching/IWT/link-layer/ppp-frame.gif)
![ppp frame the field has a value of 11111111 ppp frame the field has a value of 11111111](https://media.cheggcdn.com/media%2Ff80%2Ff80c339b-106e-498a-89d8-37b5930e7f26%2FphpSyWwYV.png)
The satellite clock interval plays a major effect on the PPP estimation, especially in the kinematic mode. The kinematic PPP estimation is one of the greatest challenges to obtain high accuracy for positioning.